Reverse osmosis technology can effectively remove most pollutants in seawater, including salt, heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms and organic pollutants. However, RO is not a panacea. Some trace pollutants may penetrate through the membrane and need to be treated in the post-treatment stage.

Saudi Arabia: The leader in desalination technology Among the above-mentioned leading countries, Saudi Arabia is considered to be the most advanced country in desalination technology in the world because of its comprehensive leading position in desalination technology.

Container-type design is a typical representative of mobile desalination units. This design uses a standard 20-foot or 40-foot container as the shell and integrates the desalination equipment into it, which has the following advantages:Convenient transportation，Quick installation，Strong flexibility.

After years of development and application, seawater desalination technology has become increasingly mature, and the effluent water quality is stable and reliable, which can meet the high standards of drinking water and industrial water.

According to experimental data, the power consumption required for a 20m³/hr reverse osmosis device to operate for one day (24 hours) under ideal conditions is about 240 kilowatt-hours (kWh). This data shows that the power consumption per cubic meter of fresh water is about 0.5kWh,

One of the main issues with seawater desalination is the high energy demand, and carbon emissions from the energy production process can have a negative impact on the environment. Concentrated brine by-products from the desalination process are also a major concern, and these chemicals can pose a potential threat to human health if not handled properly.

The invention of desalination technology originated in the mid-20th century and was first patented by Alexander Zarchin. His desalination method is based on freezing seawater to form pure water crystals in a vacuum environment, which are then melted to create salt-free water. Chachin's invention laid the foundation for the early stages of desalination technology, but scientists and engineers produced many innovations in the field in the decades that followed.

Environmentalists worry that seawater desalination projects may have negative impacts on local fisheries and marine ecosystems. Seawater desalination plants may inhale marine life, especially fish larvae, causing damage to fishery resources. In addition, wastewater and salt water may be discharged during the sea water desalination process, causing pollution and disturbance to the marine ecosystem.

The water quality safety issue of desalination plants is an important issue related to public health and life. Through strict technical processes and management measures, desalination plants can ensure that the treated water quality reaches safe drinking water standards and provide the public with safe and reliable drinking water resources.

Carlsbad's Poseidon ocean desal plant simply could not live up to its hype. It continues failing with production requirements, being subject to shutdown from red tides, while continuing to consume huge amounts of power, resulting in significant generation of greenhouse gasses.